Question is in the title. Where can I find information about gay and trans rights in the Soviet Union? Or if anyone would be able to share what they know. I understand it was decriminalized in 1917, but that’s about it.

I suppose sources about modern China and LGBTQ would be nice as well, post revolution and current.

Very hard to find trustworthy sources.

  • AdvancedAktion
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    92 years ago

    This is a old post saved from reddit.

    USSR AND LGBT

    Contrary to popular belief,the USSR did not have any anti-LGBTQ laws.

    Article 121 was designed as an anti-pederasty law. If you look at the law text,it mentions or at least implies pedophilia.

    To quote The Sangha kommune:

    Article 121, despite its curious reading, appears to have been designed to protect Soviet society from the menace of child abuse and paedophilia, although it is recorded that Soviet academia was interested in the practice of homosexuality from a medical perspective, and attempting to ascertain its root cause (with a number of early Soviet researchers following the Czarist assumption of aberration). This did not mean that homosexuals were persecuted – far from it – the general underlying trend in the USSR was to end all oppression, and facilitate the integration of the individual into the collective.

    https://thesanghakommune.org/2016/12/28/the-ussr-and-homosexuality-article-21/

    Stalin himself wasn’t homophobic either, Georgy Chicherin,a known Homosexual Bolshevik,was a close Comrade of Stalin.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Chicherin

    At one point, Chicherin announced that he wanted improved relations with foreign countries to encourage investment,this policy was enthusiastically supported by Joseph Stalin,and he said this:

    “it can hardly be doubted that Comrade Chicherin is better informed about the mood in foreign investment circles that any of us” - J.V Stalin

    Reiman, Michal: Birth of Stalinism, pp. 39-40 John Holroyd-Doveton Maxim Litvinov p 99

    There’s no evidence that Stalin was homophobic in any Russian language text

    https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/07/07/on-why-stalin-was-not-a-homophobe/

    There’s no objective, verifiable evidence of a persecution of homosexuals in the USSR

    To quote Sangha Kommune again:

    Research By Adrian Chan-Wyles PhD

    The fact that the Soviet Union was considered enlightened and tolerant demonstrates that these laws were not applied as a deliberate attack upon homosexuals – although in the 1930’s, certain homosexual activity became associated with specific counter-revolutionary activity. In this regard, homosexuals who strove to bring-down the USSR were treated as ‘criminals’ – just as their heterosexual colleagues. Soviet records demonstrate that Joseph Stalin… was responding to various police reports about contemporary counter-revolutionary activities (usually within major cities). ACW 5.1.2016

    Modern (capitalist) Russia has now imported much of the anti-Soviet Cold War disinformation fabricated by the US (and her allies) between 1945 – 1991. As a result, many modern Russian authors side with the reactionary forces of capitalism and adopt this pseudo-history as their own (apparently not realising its ‘racist’ anti-Slavic nature). The above article is anti-Soviet and is designed to give the impression that the USSR carried-out a continued pogrom against homosexuals – even though its author continuously states that there is no evidence to support his claims. Indeed, the only evidence the author can muster is ‘Western’ Cold War authors whose work – as pieces of official fiction – contain no Russian language sources. However, I have quoted this piece where I have been able to verify the facts within Russian language sources. It remains informative on two counts, 1) as a narrative history of homosexuality in Russia from early times to present, and 2) as a study of modern (Russian) anti-Soviet literature. I have found no objective, verifiable evidence of a deliberate persecution of homosexuals in the USSR. ACW 29.10.2018

    https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/01/05/the-ussr-and-homosexuality-part-iii-rsfsr-article-154a/

    Hope this helps.

    • @tisamantis@lemmygrad.ml
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      2 years ago

      “Contrary to popular belief,the USSR did not have any anti-LGBTQ laws.”

      I’m sorry, but this is copium. We must admit mistakes where they are made.

      This is an old edition of the Criminal Code. (from 1926)

      TL: Article 154-a. Sexual intercourse of a man with a man (sodomy) - imprisonment for a term of three to five years.

      Sodomy committed with the use of violence or with the use of the dependent position of the victim - imprisonment for a term of three to eight years

      This is new Code. (from 1960)

      Pedophilia is covered by Articles 119 and 120 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in later years. Most documents you can find now are the amended version from 1993 (bottom line on screenshot says so), when sodomy was decriminalized and 1st part of 121 was removed. (Art 121 in last 2 screenshots covers rape)

      TL:

      Article 119. Sexual intercourse with a person who has not reached adulthood. (lit. sexual maturity)

      Sexual intercourse with a children, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years. The same actions associated with the satisfaction of sexual passion in perverted forms - shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to six years.

      Article 120. Indecent acts against minors - shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years.

      Article 121: Same as 2nd half of Article 154a above + pedophilia, but term is 7 years.

      Sources (can find other ones):

      https://istmat.org/files/uploads/49552/ugolovnyy_kodeks_rsfsr_-_1950.pdf - older codex http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/2/print - newer codex https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_2950/6d8a39804bfe82e851812361be108dd1296a042c/ - same as 2nd link

      • AdvancedAktion
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        2 years ago

        Is there any other erroneous claims in my post or the links?

        How strictly were these laws implemented?

        Is there any statistics regarding this?

        • @tisamantis@lemmygrad.ml
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          2 years ago

          My sources (I don’t trust them myself) claim roughly the following:

          1. Charges of sodomy were sometimes used when dealing with spies, suspected spies or people conducting counterrevolutionary activities. Case of D.T. Florinsky (they were invited to People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs by Chicherin, btw…) is cited - they were jailed for 5 years for sodomy, after that they were also charged w/ espionage and executed in 1937. This seems like internal party struggle. Other people who faced similar charges were B.A. Prozorovsky, B.S. Pshibishevsky. Whether or not these people were spies is unknown to me, but charging people with sodomy is just…sad?

          2. OGPU may have dealt with (suspected) homosexuals in an extrajudicial manner. In 1930, “raids on homosexuals” (“with intent of dealing with german spies”) were conducted and at least 175 people were arrested, rumors state they may have been Zinovyev or Trotsky supporters. It seems there is no data on number of people charged w/ sodomy during this time period.

          3. After Stalin’s death, apparently anti-homosexual practices became even worse. My numbers show the average number of people sentenced every year between 1961 and 1991 is around 500-800 people, with spikes to >1200 in 1970s. As numbers are estimates by Dan Healey, they should not be trusted.

          Unlike what I posted before, which were pictures of official legal documents, this information is not trustworthy at all, comes primarily from a single source, may actually carry intent of smearing the USSR. Alas, this picture of USSR seems reasonable to me, because:

          1. Nearly everyone was homophobic in the past. (Yes, that includes Stalin. If Stalin wasn’t a homophobe, he would object to homophobic legislation.)

          2. Homophobia is extremely widespread in Russian minds today, and it had to come from somewhere.

          I think someone more competent than me should study material and make judgements about this issue. Alas, that someone should probably know the Russian language.

          P.S. I wanted to post an actual link to the wiki article, but it’s was being formatted weird. I’ll reiterate: Don’t trust anything. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/История_преследования_гомосексуалов_в_России