48 seconds. I predict a glut of helium. balloons for everyone

  • The Assman@sh.itjust.works
    link
    fedilink
    arrow-up
    8
    arrow-down
    1
    ·
    9 months ago

    Stupid guy here, being ridiculously hot is the whole point right? Isn’t a fusion reactor just an extremely complex steam engine?

    • notabot@lemm.ee
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      16
      ·
      9 months ago

      The difficult bit is to keep the fuel fusing. At the temperatures and pressures that are needed to get atoms to fuse together the whole lot wants to blow itself apart. Being able to reliability sustain the reaction for any length of time is a big achievement.

      Once we can get it to keep going, then yes, we can use the excess heat for power, although it’ll probably involve turbines rather than an old school steam engine type setup.

      • Cosmic Cleric@lemmy.world
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        7
        ·
        edit-2
        9 months ago

        The difficult bit is to keep the fuel fusing.

        It’s moreso keeping it contained at those temperatures, so that it does not melt the container that it’s in, and potentially explode.

        There has to be some absolute next-level power backup to keep the containment field from failing.

          • Cosmic Cleric@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            3
            ·
            edit-2
            9 months ago

            One of the holy grails to pine for after the current designs actually enter service is to look at ways to drive electrons in a wire directly from the plasma, no detour via heat.

            That’s actually really interesting, as I never heard of that before.

            Yeah you’re absolutely right, damn that’d be one hell of a Holy Grail touchdown moment for Humanity if we could pull that off, the direct transference, no “middle man”.

            The other is aneutronic fusion.

            From the link (for others like me and did not know what the word meant)…

            Aneutronic fusion is any form of fusion power in which very little of the energy released is carried by neutrons.

          • Cosmic Cleric@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            arrow-up
            1
            ·
            9 months ago

            Melting actually is not a seriously issue as while the plasma is very hot, it also has very little mass.

            Read the below from this article…

            One of the biggest obstacles to magnetic-confinement fusion is the need for materials that can withstand the tough treatment they’ll receive from the fusing plasma. In particular, deuterium-tritium fusion makes an intense flux of high-energy neutrons, which collide with the nuclei of atoms in the metal walls and cladding, causing tiny spots of melting. The metal then recrystallizes but is weakened, with atoms shifted from their initial positions. In the cladding of a typical fusion reactor, each atom might be displaced about 100 times over the reactor’s lifetime.

              • Cosmic Cleric@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                arrow-up
                1
                ·
                edit-2
                9 months ago

                That’s not the plasma that melts anything but neutron bombardment.

                I’m aware (I read the article, including the part I quoted you), but regardless of the source of the melting, there is a melting issue of the containment vessel that needs to be engineered away.

                  • Cosmic Cleric@lemmy.world
                    link
                    fedilink
                    arrow-up
                    1
                    ·
                    edit-2
                    9 months ago

                    Yes, and you won’t get me to argue here. I’m too experienced a smart-Alec to contradict another smart-Alec :)

                    Well I’ll take smart alec over being called pedantic any day.

                    Having said that, sincerely wasn’t looking for the argument, just a matter of going back to my original point, that you corrected and educated me on.

                    I knew there was some kind of melting issue, when I had made my original comment. I had just assumed it was the plasma, but it ended up not being that, as you noted.

                    My follow-up link comment was just to say “Hey look there is a valid reason for melting to happen, I wasn’t imagining it”.

                    All’s good on my end.

      • ShepherdPie
        link
        fedilink
        arrow-up
        5
        ·
        9 months ago

        How are they even containing that heat as this is obviously warm enough to melt everything in existence (as far as I know)?

        • bort@sopuli.xyz
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          9
          ·
          edit-2
          9 months ago

          vacuum for isolation. Magnets, so the plasma stays in the middle and won’t touch the walls. Microwaves to heat it up from the outside.

        • Dragster39@feddit.de
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          4
          ·
          9 months ago

          ELI5 would be huge magnets. If there is something that melts everything humanity ever created and knows of, keep it away from everything. But it is a real problem, instability in the plasma leads to the need for better materials.

    • FearfulSalad@ttrpg.network
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      14
      arrow-down
      1
      ·
      9 months ago

      https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion

      The fusion of light elements up to a certain nucleus size releases energy. However, fusion only occurs at very high temperatures and pressures. The goal is to 1) create the conditions for nuclear fusion (which they did), 2) have the fusion reaction produce energy that sustains those conditions (they did for 48 seconds), and ideally a tiny bit more, 3) gather residual energy that isn’t critical to the reaction itself, which is the part that looks like a steam engine.