While I was asleep, apparently the site was hacked. Luckily, (big) part of the lemmy.world team is in US, and some early birds in EU also helped mitigate this.
As I am told, this was the issue:
- There is an vulnerability which was exploited
- Several people had their JWT cookies leaked, including at least one admin
- Attackers started changing site settings and posting fake announcements etc
Our mitigations:
- We removed the vulnerability
- Deleted all comments and private messages that contained the exploit
- Rotated JWT secret which invalidated all existing cookies
The vulnerability will be fixed by the Lemmy devs.
Details of the vulnerability are here
Many thanks for all that helped, and sorry for any inconvenience caused!
Update While we believe the admins accounts were what they were after, it could be that other users accounts were compromised. Your cookie could have been ‘stolen’ and the hacker could have had access to your account, creating posts and comments under your name, and accessing/changing your settings (which shows your e-mail).
For this, you would have had to be using lemmy.world at that time, and load a page that had the vulnerability in it.
Very impressed by how quickly action has been taken by this and other instances to patch the issue.
Very, seems like great work.
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Hijacking the top comment to say I had problems with logging in to Lemmy.world today and liftoff was failing in odd ways.
I had to go into my web browser and clear my site cookies for lemmy.world to let me log in there.
In liftoff I had to go into the app settings in android to clear the cache and then remove and re-add my account for it to be able to log me in. (Press and hold on the account to remove it)
I’m on iOS with the Memmy app. It’s a work in progress that’s officially unfinished so I’m not surprised but it has also been a bit buggy. Doesn’t seem that I can log out without deleting and reinstalling the app so hopefully this doesn’t happen too often XD
So I was actually just struggling with that myself, also in the Memmy app in case that isn’t clear
What I did was add my account (again)
There was no warning or anything, and it populated the list with two of me.
At that point, a “delete account” option appeared under both of them. So I guess in normal circumstances, it wants you to keep one account around at all times?
I deleted one of them, and the app basically reinitialized. Both were gone and it showed me the welcome screen.
I logged back in, and now everything is back to normal
I did this, but I just didn’t delete either accounts and it worked fine. Idk if it’s detrimental to have two of the same but it worked for me.
Finally I found good instructions, was about to delete and reinstall until I followed this!
Interesting. Definitely could be made clearer, I’ll make a post on the GitHub later about some of my suggestions.
Whoops, glitched double response.
Ah interesting. I’ve had multiple accounts from the start so it was much easier for me. Just removed my main account and added it back.
I just did edit account and then saved, it seemed to trick it into logging in again (secrets on my instance were also reset).
Interesting. Definitely could be made clearer, I’ll make a post on the GitHub later about some of my suggestions.
For Memmy, I went to the accounts page in the settings. Click d on my lemmy.world account then to the page where you can change the password then navigated away. That reactivated the account. Maybe we should add a ticket on Memmy’s GitHub about reactivating cookies when there’s an issue. Or at least place à poput to double check credentials or something.
I found I didn’t actually have to log out, just go into account settings and reconfirm everything without changing it
No you can. You just remove the account from the accounts list. It’s labeled “delete this account” which is scary but it just removes it from Memmy. You can add it right back and that logs you back in. Not a great experience.
I sure hope this doesn’t happen a lot. This kind of barrier hurts site growth. I’ve managed a lot of large sites and seen a lot of bugs and when everyone gets logged out there is a measurable impact, and some folks never return. Just look at all the comments here saying “thank I didn’t know to do that.” For every one of those there are 100 people going “huh… Lemmy is down… oh well… on to something else…”
Go into account settings, clear your password, re-enter your password, save, go to feed and pull to refresh. That’s what worked for me.
I was I able to upvote anything or subscribe. Seems like uninstalling and reinstalling fixed my issue
Oh, I was wondering why it was showing me as logged in but wouldn’t let me upvote due to not being logged in. Your liftoff psa just cleared that right up for me, thanks!
How have I never thought of comment hijacking?!
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thanks for posting this, I wouldn’t have figured that out lol
In liftoff I had to go into the app settings in android to clear the cache and then remove and re-add my account for it to be able to log me in. (Press and hold on the account to remove it)
Good PSA. It took me a bit to figure it out, the app doesn’t make this obvious.
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uh, why did you have negative one dislike?
Negative one upvotes would mean that enough people disliked me/another poster to bring my upvote total to zero. (Upvotes and likes are effectively the same thing, it’s just a naming convention). Reddit totals them up and seemingly Lemmy does as well.
huh that’s weird (yes I meant negative one downvote), I already know that the total can be either positive or negative, but shouldn’t the upvote number and downvote number be either positive or zero? (for now I’ll just accept it as a lemmy bug/ inconsistencies between instances)
Nope, just like Reddit it’s a value that ranges between negatives and positives. If I get two thousand upvotes, positive 2k. If I get two thousand downvotes, negative 1999 (because iirc you start with one by default).
Not exactly sure I understood what you meant by “either positive or zero”.
see your comment rn, it has 1 upvote (from yourself by default) and 0 dislike (so it’s not shown)
but in the screenshot I sent above you got 287 upvote and minus -1 downvote (making your total 288) which is mathematically correct but seems like an unintended behavior
for example this comment of mine normally have 9 upvote and 2 downvote (which is shown as a positive integer 2, not negative), making my total upvote 7
Just occurred to me that the app I use also shows separate counters. I fooled myself into thinking it was a single counter.
That’s interesting. Remember it’s a very new platform, minor bugs aren’t out of the ordinary.
I wish hackers would invest their time in clearing credit card debt, deleting hospital fees, or something else that actually serves the public good, instead of hacking ordinary people just trying to get by.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT: My account was not among those hacked. Any random bullshit appearing in my post/comment history was written by me.
what steps are being taken to ensure it doesn’t happen again? was any personal data compromised for users?
Good point, I’ll update the post.
Nice work on the recovery, especially from a 0-day.
Also I am curious, what’s the easiest way to currently reach the admins in case this happens again somehow? Two of them on their account have been seemingly inactive for a month and as per your own statement you rarely check your notifications and dms. Is there a discord somewhere for it?
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Mail: info@lemmy.world Mastodon: @mwadmin@mastodon.world Matrix: https://matrix.to/#/#lemmy-support-general:discuss.online
Why wasn’t there an info on /lemmy-world.statuspage.io ?
I think the admins that were on it didn’t think of updating the status page…
Would it be a good idea to have a secondary email not attached to lemmy.world in case of a domain hack?
The mail server records of a domain name do not usually point to the same server as other services like Lemmy.
Domain registrar hack could happen too
info@mastodon.world
So all our cookies are negated now with the JWT changed, and we just needed to login again? Can attackers have stolen our cookies in order to use our accounts to post as if it was us? I’m sure they were only interested in admin cookies, so most others were “useless” to them? I see nothing wrong with my posts so I should be safe, right?
If you think they could change your password:
YES, they could.
They could have changed the email => “Forgot PW” and with that you lost ur account.
I think I’ve lost my account, I clicked Forgot Password and nothing came into my mailbox. This account is the one I made just now.
My old account:
If you see that account post or comment on anything, please report it
Edit: Nvm, I use another email to sign up for Lemmy and forgot about it
Report it directly to Ruud or otherwise he will just delete it.
actually nevermind, I forgot that I use a different email for Lemmy, I can log back in now
It happens to all of us. Additionally, assuming that you’ve come here recently, there’s not much data on it, and it being deleted will not be that much of a big deal.
Probably. I had to re-login myself.
Prior to the JWT secret being rotated, yes, they could have authenticated as you. The tokens are now all invalid and useless
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They defaced it with dicks and changed the federation list to be only threads.net. I don’t think it was a state sponsored chinese hacking group. :)
I’m ok with the dicks but the threads are TOO FAR!!! shuffles off to the angry done**
Thank you all for staying on top of it.
right after the update we also had most of the serverlist cleared except threads.net (which was the last one added so i assumed it was some bug) – otherwise nothing appears to be touched on this instance tho.
Huh, i think i got lucky by forgetting that there is something i can consume other than youtube
First - really good summary and sounds like everyone is working hard.
Cross posting the below comment.
Under GDPR if you have had a data breach you have a legal obligation to assess whether you need to report it and you must make the report within 72 hours of discovering the breach.
There are other types of reportable breaches too, I only mention data as it sounds most likely. You may or may not be subject to PECR which may also have been breached although less likely. I don’t really have enough familiarity with the regulation to discuss that one.
If you are not sure if there has been a breach you may also need to discuss it with the relevant body or make a report.
Please can you update what action you have taken regarding this and if the incident was reportable or not and the reasons why. Edit - from that new information, it sounds like this is a reportable breach.
For a full understanding, it would be good to know if you had 2FA enabled on the compromised account particularly as it had admin privileges and if so how 2FA was circumvented with this exploit.
It would also be good to know what measures you have in place to prevent the same or other malicious attempts on your Open Collective and Patreon accounts as issues with those are potentially more serious. They may not be vulnerable to this, but it is going to be reassuring to know there is good security practice, 2FA protection etc enabled and you have robust procedures in place.
Thanks for the info. We’re looking into this.
Out of curiosity, where would the regulators go for a case like this? There’s no “company” running it per. se.
I am not sure how a platform like this will work with GDPR - each server will be responsible themselves, but how it works with the flow of data between servers and who the regulators would have cases against - I think that is to be tested at some point.
They will go after a person instead.
It seems the general consensus is GDPR applies even to OSS non company entities, but it would appear that there’s very little being done to honor it.
This article outlines Fediverse and responsibilities, I think it mostly requires someone to file a lawsuit before there’s any action.
In another case a man had cameras in his back yard that could also see a public area and was fined and forced to move them.
https://www.termsfeed.com/blog/gdpr-exemptions/
Mainly it just seems to be fodder to be used in lawsuits to make people comply with others security wishes. Not certain how all that works since cities are covered in public cameras.
If a valid browser token gets stolen like in this case, then MFA won’t do much good because the stolen token will already have been authenticated. Linus Tech Tips experienced the same thing recently, you can check out their channel.
That makes sense, thanks so much - there’s a few good explanations here which really help! Would it be right in saying that all affected servers should be logging off all users - some have but not sure if all.
I guess that would depend on the specific case. If you physically went on my computer to steal my token or infected my computer with a virus to do it then we can assume that no other tokens have been compromised. But if the malicious actor has managed to steal tokens from the actual server (which seems to be the case here) and not the client then yes, as the admin I would certainly require that everyone log in again as a safety measure.
The fix is to force the use of a new JWT encryption key which–when set–would immediately invalidate all existing user cookies, forcing all users to relogin.
Lemmy has a few weaknesses related to their use of JWT in cookies that need to be addressed… The biggest one being that they use the same secret key for all user cookies (every user should have their own unique session key). I’m pretty sure that if they implemented that the scope of this vulnerability would be drastically reduced (but I haven’t looked at the precise mechanism of the vulnerability yet).
They also need to provide tools in the GUI for admins and users to invalidate all issued sessions (cookies) and a mechanism for regularly rotating session secrets (the cookie currently lasts for a year and even if the session token gets regenerated it’ll still use the same secret).
They also need to make the expiration times configurable so that security-focused servers can set short expiration times. Related, they need to force the use of unique secrets for every session (even if it’s the same user using different devices/apps).
Can 2FA be enabled for all users? I don’t see the link to activate it after saving.
edit
Yeah, this doesn’t work at all. The apps don’t open links anymore. I tried some github site that reads the link and generates a QR, but the codes don’t work. This is a complete waste of time.
Just reload the settings page after saving and you’ll see the activation link. Just now enabled 2FA for my account.
Don’t log out! Open private tab and try logging in to test that it works. Lemmy uses SHA-256 TOTP digest which may not work correctly with some authenticators, only generating useless codes.
The interface for TOTP need to be greatly improved as well. I made sure that I had two browsers logged in when I did it because the flow is so hinky. Not having a confirmation process was a bit nerve racking.
Yeah, this doesn’t work at all. The apps don’t open links anymore. I tried some github site that reads the link and generates a QR, but the codes don’t work. This is a complete waste of time.
Just curious if you turn yourself in to police everytime you speeding.
It’s more that many people expect those handling their data to be seen to follow the correct procedures and be trusted to handle the data in a fair, transparent, safe and secure way - and in addition to protecting their users, companies are probably encouraged to abide by the regulations because it is very easy for anyone to report where they think action needs to be taken, and regulatory bodies may be more lenient where correct process has been followed.
If I chance a speeding or parking ticket I can’t be fined nearly 20 million pounds, although I wouldn’t trust some parking companies not to try it! (I’m not saying that would be the case in this instance.)
This is not about turning you in, this is about protecting your users who all possibly just became victims of a crime, and for good reasons it’s not fully upon you to decide whether the possible consequences of this are serious for those users.
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Thanks Ruud for fixing it! Just a reminder guys that If you are using a third party app you need to login again.
I was unable to log in, it looped me & said I logged in, but did not. I read this post, cleared my cache, and I was able to log in (and change my password).
Well that’s just great it really is a shame though how some people would actively want to ruin something free like this just because they can.
Do we have any details on how Michelle’s account was compromised? Right now in the GitHub issue about the vulnerability they’re clueless about how the custom emoji exploit could be performed without first an already compromised admin account.
EDIT: yeah here’s how: https://github.com/LemmyNet/lemmy-ui/issues/1895#issuecomment-1629326627
You do NOT need an admin account to do that. Any normal user could have done that.
Could admins sign announcements with a PGP key to mitigate false admin posts and the consequences this might have? Or is this no longer necessary?
What are the risks for people who use Jerboa for Lemmy? I logged put and back in and there doesn’t seem to be any issues, so are the app users excluded from this?
Here’s a relevant post that talked about this with @AlmightySnoo@lemmy.world I think is worth looking into for anyone curious what exactly happened.
https://sh.itjust.works/post/923025
please don’t visit the legal section of the website or anything confirmed compromised if anything.
How are you preventing it to happen again until a patch is released from devs?
We removed the vulnerability
It’s open source, they can just fix it themselves until it’s released. :)
