I’m curious about rehabilitation. I believe crime comes from access to resources and/or from a lack of emotional education (such as empathy, patience, and sympathy).
When I hear news stories of horrific crimes, I often start to wonder: what would have prevented it and how can we move on from it?
I don’t believe in the death penalty and I don’t believe in forced labor. I do believe “confinement” paired with education, food, comfort, and time to reflect is part of rehabilitation.
What does it look like in Star Trek? In other words, what does western culture see as the “epitome” of a rehabilitation center?
Did you leave Kahn and his followers out on purpose? They basically got transported. Maybe it’s an edge case, but I would consider being exiled to a planet and not being allowed to leave as a kind of incarnation.
Kahn’s group was exiled pre-Federation, so they’re probably outside the scope of OP’s question.