• lennybird@lemmy.world
    link
    fedilink
    English
    arrow-up
    3
    arrow-down
    5
    ·
    9 months ago

    Man I aced reading-comprehension to the point of scholarships; with that I’ve now read it three times and I’m still no closer to having enough ink to connect those dots.

    Isn’t it a bit ironic that you quote MLK in 1963 when those very “white moderates” came to be the ones to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964? I’m really trying to understand you here, so help me.

    • pjwestin@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      arrow-up
      4
      arrow-down
      1
      ·
      edit-2
      9 months ago

      OK, I’ll try to make this simple enough for you; the kind of Liberal pragmatists that you’re congratulating for Civil Rights Act simply weren’t responsible for passing it. Civil Rights leaders were, by and large, much farther left than Liberals, and they often complained that Liberals were obstructing the movement as much as segregationists. Leaders from Martin Luther King to Malcom X identified Liberals who preached incrementalism as a hindrance to Civil Rights.

      However, if you were to trying to attribute passage of Civil Rights Act purely based on the vote totals of Congress, you’d still be wrong. Segregationist southerners from both parties opposed the bill while northerners from both parties supported it, and it passed with a bipartisan coalition that was majority Republican. While these Republicans were anti-segregation, they were still free-market, anti-labor, fiscal conservatives, and you don’t get to retroactively turn them into Liberals because of the Southern Strategy.

      So, the Civil Rights Movement was led by leftists, Liberals were an obstacle to the Civil Rights Movement, and when a bipartisan coalition passed the Civil Rights Act, fewer Liberals voted for it than (what we would today call) moderate conservatives. From the decades leading up to the Civil Rights Act to the passage of the Act itself, Liberals were not the driving force.

      Anyway man, I didn’t get a, “reading comprehension,” scholarship, but one of my scholarships was a work-study where worked as a writing tutor, and I’m pretty sure I’ve stated this point as clearly as possible. If you still don’t get it, I can’t really help you.

      • archomrade [he/him]
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        4
        arrow-down
        1
        ·
        9 months ago

        That guy’s entire vibe is r/iamverysmart incarnate, I don’t think it matters if you beamed it straight into their head they’d still find a way to get it wrong

        • pjwestin@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          3
          arrow-down
          1
          ·
          9 months ago

          I don’t know about that. I mean, they got offered scholarships because of their reading comprehension.

      • lennybird@lemmy.world
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        2
        arrow-down
        2
        ·
        edit-2
        9 months ago

        Look I can be very direct and note that I explicitly said that white moderate liberals – not tankies – were the ones who passed the legislation that effectively turned long-time civil rights grievances into redressed law, and that is precisely what happened. But sure I’ll fully acknowledge that without activists across the range from Malcolm X to MLK Jr., (whom Malcolm X basically said he wasn’t leftist and aggressive enough) influenced aforementioned white moderate liberals to action. As I said (and as was deflected and ignored by you), MLK made that statement a year prior to the Civil Rights. Put another way, if anyone thinks MLK would be advocating to let Donald Trump in today by voting 3rd party or not voting, then they are out of their goddamned minds.

        Nevertheless good luck getting white southern conservatives to be influenced to such action; and therein lies the difference between the two primary ideologies in America. The point being made is: Progress can still occur via liberals; the same cannot be said should you let Republicans get in office.

        Segregationist southerners from both parties opposed the bill while northerners from both parties supported it, and it passed with a bipartisan coalition that was majority Republican. While these Republicans were anti-segregation, they were still free-market, anti-labor, fiscal conservatives, and you don’t get to retroactively turn them into Liberals because of the Southern Strategy.

        You prove the point that geography made the difference and as the realignment completed these northern Republicans and Democrats consolidated into a unitary Democratic banner. Also I do not understand what you’re referring to when you write the coalition was majority Republican; it was majority Democrat. - 46 Democrats, and 27 Republicans in the Senate and 152 Dems to 138 Republicans in the House For. This makes the total For 198 Dems 165 Republicans. Nevertheless it almost doesn’t matter, for as we noted these Republicans, the party of Lincoln still in transition of the party realignment as the Dixiecrats abandoned their coalition, effectively became the liberals of the modern Democrats. It really doesn’t matter how one slices it; the overarching premise is that the North of Then voted in favor, and just so happens to split along the Mason-Dixon line just as it does today after the realignment. I sure as shit am not thanking a Southern confederate-adoring conservative, that’s for sure; thus it must be predominantly the Northern Liberal amidst both parties during this transitional period who was more predisposed to abolition, more pro-union/labor, and anti-segregation.

        Perhaps you’re writing from a false premise; have you tried entertaining some humility? I’m open to being wrong, but let’s work through this together, shall we?

        • archomrade [he/him]
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          3
          arrow-down
          2
          ·
          9 months ago

          I’m just in disbelief you’re still parading around like an idiot making heros out of libs for eventually taking a minimum of action after a decade of protests and sit-ins by activists.

          • lennybird@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            2
            arrow-down
            2
            ·
            9 months ago

            I’m just in disbelief that when the wise man points at the moon, you’re still looking at the finger and missing the entire point, which is to say that as much as you complain about those big bad liberals, they’re still the ones who actually end up passing the major laws that set the foundation for progress; and alllllllllllllllllllllllllllll the decades of cute sit-ins and protests by activists against fascist Republicans (of the modern day) would NEVER, EVER achieve a modicum of change.

            • archomrade [he/him]
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              1
              arrow-down
              1
              ·
              9 months ago

              Lmao without those libs obstructing progress those ‘cute’ protests and sit-ins wouldn’t have been necessary

              • lennybird@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                2
                ·
                edit-2
                9 months ago

                Correction:

                Without those southern pro-slaver conservative Confederates, the protests wouldn’t have been necessary.

                FTFY.

                And do tell me — which ideology and which party did all those Civil Rights activists from James Clyburn to John Lewis end up joining in Congress…? And which party does MLK Jr.'s descendants , and the vast majority of the black community continue to caucus with today…?

                Oh yeah, “those libs.”

                • archomrade [he/him]
                  link
                  fedilink
                  English
                  arrow-up
                  1
                  arrow-down
                  1
                  ·
                  9 months ago

                  Lol yea I’ll give you that, because the worst thing that can happen to a lib is being accused of perpetuating an oppression that they consider themselves to be fighting against. It’s the quality that both makes them stand in the way of progress and also receptive to agitation

                  The White liberal is a person who defines themselves as White, as an oppressor, in short, and retreats in horror from that designation. However, they only retreat halfway, disavowing the title without giving up the privileges or tearing out, as it were. The fundamental trait of the White liberal is their desire to differentiate themselves psychologically from White Americans on the issue of race. The White liberal wants to think and wants others, namely people of color, to embrace brotherhood. White liberals have two basic aims: to prevent polarization and prevent racial conflict." - Lerone Bennet Jr

                  • lennybird@lemmy.world
                    link
                    fedilink
                    English
                    arrow-up
                    2
                    ·
                    edit-2
                    9 months ago

                    So it’s said, we shouldn’t let perfection be the enemy of progress. These purity tests and Gatekeeping only work insofar as they have someone open to change from the inside where the laws are made.

                    Thank a White Liberal for the passage of the Civil rights act and for being a pathway to change; for, therein again lies the difference that you so whimsically continue to dodge. Liberals have always been the gateway for change. Hence why the aforementioned activists joined their banner.

                    Never once conservatives.

                    And for what it’s worth, I’m significantly left of the average Democrat and modern liberal.

        • pjwestin@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          arrow-up
          2
          arrow-down
          2
          ·
          9 months ago

          Look I can be very direct and note that I explicitly said that white moderate liberals – not tankies – were the ones who passed the legislation that effectively turned long-time civil rights grievances into redressed law, and that is precisely what happened.

          It really isn’t.

          But sure I’ll fully acknowledge that without activists across the range from Malcolm X to MLK Jr., (whom Malcolm X basically said he wasn’t leftist and aggressive enough) influenced aforementioned white moderate liberals to action.

          Thank God those poor Civil Rights leaders had such benevolent white saviors to help them.

          if anyone thinks MLK would be advocating to let Donald Trump in today by voting 3rd party or not voting, then they are out of their goddamned minds.

          No one thinks that, no one said that, you’re just making up people to be mad at.

          You prove the point that geography made the difference…

          Yeah, this was always my point. It’s in the second paragraph of my original comment. Nice reading comprehension.

          …and as the realignment completed these northern Republicans and Democrats consolidated into a unitary Democratic banner.

          for as we noted these Republicans, the party of Lincoln still in transition of the party realignment as the Dixiecrats abandoned their coalition, effectively became the liberals of the modern Democrats.

          OK, now we’re starting to get into where you actually don’t understand history. You seem to believe that the Republicans said, “actually, we want to do racism now, let’s start the Southern Strategy!” and all the good Republicans that voted for the Civil Rights Act became Liberal Democrats. In reality, the Republican/Democrat party switch took decades and involved very few members actually switching parties (aside from the Dixiecrats). Most Republicans who supported the Civil Rights Act didn’t become Democrats or Liberals, they just saw their party gather more racist members over the years until they retired. They didn’t, “consolidate under a unitary Democratic banner,” they were still Republican and fiscally conservative.

          I do not understand what you’re referring to when you write the coalition was majority Republican; it was majority Democrat. - 46 Democrats, and 27 Republicans in the Senate and 152 Dems to 138 Republicans in the House For. This makes the total For 198 Dems 165 Republicans.

          OK, I get it. You’re looking at raw numbers without factoring in who controlled the House and Senate and how they voted. Only 153 out of 244 Democrats (63%) supported the Civil Rights Act vs. 136 out of 171 (80%) of Republicans. 46 out of 67 Senate Democrats (69%) vs 27 out of 33 (82%) Republicans. These white Liberals you keep praising weren’t the reason it passed, they were the opposition. The same white Southern Democrats that backed the New Deal also fought tooth and nail against the Civil Rights Act, more than their conservative peers.

          You’re taking a modern understanding of Liberals and applying it to the Civil Rights Era. You’re congratulating good white Liberals for passing the Civil Rights Act, when many of the major supporters would be considered conservatives and most of the opponents would be considered Liberals by most metrics. Beyond that, you’re pretending that the Republican conservatives could retroactively be counted as Liberals because you fundamentally don’t understand the party swap.

          Besides that, your ranting about how tankies (which, by the way, you’re incorrectly using to mean, “Socialists, Marxists, or other Leftists,” but that’s a whole other issue) didn’t cast any votes in the Civil Rights Act, while ignoring that some of the most prominent voices in the movement where Democratic Socialists, Socialists, or other forms of, “tankie.” Sure, they spent years getting beaten by police, attacked by segregationists, and told to slow down by incrementalisy Liberals, but they weren’t in Congress, so according to you their not as important as white Liberals!

          And then, after building this white-savior Liberal fantasy for yourself, you have the audacity to tell me entertain some humility? Sorry buddy, you’re going to have to work through this one on your own.

          • lennybird@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            2
            arrow-down
            3
            ·
            edit-2
            9 months ago

            https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/civil_rights/cloture_finalpassage.htm

            To pass a civil rights bill in 1964, the Senate proponents of that bill developed a three-part strategy. First, Majority Leader Mike Mansfield maneuvered the bill away from the Judiciary Committee and made it the Senate’s pending business. Second, a bipartisan legislative team of senators and staff, led by Majority Whip Hubert Humphrey and Minority Whip Thomas Kuchel, developed a plan to defeat a well-organized filibuster. Finally, they enlisted the aid of Minority Leader Everett Dirksen. Only Dirksen could provide the Republican votes needed to invoke cloture and bring about passage of the bill. “The bill can’t pass unless you get Ev Dirksen,” President Lyndon Johnson told Hubert Humphrey. “You get in there to see Dirksen. You drink with Dirksen! You talk with Dirksen. You listen to Dirksen.”

            In an era when there were many factional divisions within both political parties, the biggest headaches for Democratic leader Mike Mansfield often came not from Republicans but from the conservative bloc of his own party caucus. The filibuster that threatened to derail the civil rights bill in 1964 was not led by the opposition party, but by an opposing faction within the majority party. To invoke cloture on the civil rights bill, Democratic proponents of the bill needed strong Republican support. If the bipartisan team could gain the support of Dirksen, a small-government conservative from Illinois, they might win over other conservatives.

            This presented Everett Dirksen with a dilemma. It was a presidential election year and, as one historian commented, Dirksen was asked “to deliver Republican votes in support of a Democratic president who could not bring along enough of his own party to seal the deal.” As the long civil rights debate unfolded, it did so with the backdrop of presidential primaries. The last thing the Senate’s Republican leader should be doing, many argued, was to provide the Democratic administration with a major legislative victory, but Dirksen, a proud Republican from the Land of Lincoln, was determined to preserve the Republican legacy inherited from the Great Emancipator. In addition, there were liberal and moderate Republicans who were deeply committed to the cause of civil rights, and senators such as Jacob Javits of New York urged Dirksen to take immediate action. On the other hand, staunch conservatives like Bourke Hickenlooper of Iowa fought Dirksen every step of the way. Dominating the GOP caucus, many conservatives believed the civil rights bill represented an unprecedented intrusion by the state into the daily lives of Americans.

            By late February 1964, as the bipartisan team set to work, Dirksen began tinkering with the bill. Over the next three months, the Republican leader, meeting daily with Humphrey or Kuchel but largely avoiding his caucus, suggested a host of amendments divided into categories of technical and substantive. The lesser amendments corrected or clarified language, while substantive amendments brought compromise among competing views. Throughout the negotiations, Dirksen kept his own counsel. “What is Ev Dirksen up to?” asked the Los Angeles Times. Dirksen is “the master of obscure intention,” wrote the Washington Post, which will be “revealed only in his own good time.” While Dirksen worked with the bipartisan team, key staff negotiated with individual Republican senators.

            In early April Dirksen attended the Republicans’ weekly policy luncheon and presented a set of 40 draft amendments. Conservatives, suspicious of the leader’s behind-the-scenes deal-making, expressed only reluctant support. The liberals simply rebelled, accusing Dirksen of watering down the House-passed bill. As the meeting broke up, it was clear that the Republican caucus remained divided. Reassuringly, Senator Humphrey expressed optimism. Dirksen’s “not trying to be destructive,” Humphrey commented. “He’s trying to be constructive.”

            The debate in the Senate Chamber continued, as Dirksen produced more amendments while constantly testing the waters looking for support. Details were discussed, agreements were made, and deals were struck as Dirksen worked to gain votes for cloture while maintaining the integrity of the House-passed bill. As Kentucky senator John Sherman Cooper saw it, Dirksen’s proposal would not weaken the bill, but would be “a substantial amendment in developing sentiment for the bill, not only here, but throughout the country. It is going to have appeal.”


            https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/summer/civil-rights-act

            Lawrence F. O’Brien, President Kennedy’s and later President Johnson’s chief of liaison with the Congress, recalled it this way:

            [Y]ou had a battle on two fronts simultaneously. You had a battle with the conservatives on the committee, the southern Democrats, conservative Republicans, but you had just as tough a battle with the liberals. Their position was the old story of the half loaf or three-quarters of a loaf, and [now they were saying] “we’ll settle for nothing less [than the whole loaf.]” . . . We shared their views, and we’d love to do it their way.

            We were accused by some of being weak-kneed but, my God, are you going to have meaningful legislation or are you going to sit around for another five or ten years while you play this game? Those liberals sat around saying, “No, we won’t accept anything but the strongest possible civil rights bill, and we won’t vote for anything less than that.” To kill civil rights in that Judiciary Committee was an appalling possibility! And it was not only a possibility, it came darn close to an actuality.

            Curse those liberals for demanding a stronger civil rights bill, right!?

            Ergo: Liberals supported; conservatives resisted. No tankies in Congress. Thank a liberal. Yes, I’m aware that what is progressive for the time is comparatively conservative by today’s standards; that doesn’t change the point.

            • pjwestin@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              arrow-up
              2
              arrow-down
              2
              ·
              9 months ago

              Congrats on completely ignoring everything I said about the nuances of Civil Rights Era politics and instead finding sources that only uses, “liberal,” and, “conservative,” as they refer to socal policies of the time. Don’t think too hard about the fact that Dirksen was a staunch fiscal conservative who supported the Vietnam War, or that Strom Thurmond was a New Deal Democrat who supported public spending on the working class. I wouldn’t want you to disrupt the ahistorical dichotomy you’ve created for yourself! Maybe Google, “tankie,” before you use that word again, because you have no idea what it means! Good luck with the scholarships!

              • lennybird@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                2
                arrow-down
                2
                ·
                edit-2
                9 months ago

                Pardon me, but I thought it best to cut through the noise (e.g., patent finger-in-ears denial akin to, “Nuh-uh!”) and go straight to citing primary sources of which you curiously deflected; you see, you learn to do that with those fancy scholarships :)

                To the contrary I’m pretty sure I pinned you into a corner after trying to claim it was conservatives not liberals who were the standard-bearers of the change. Here you’re not trying to play games of equivocation and move the goalpost by essentially allegings, “buT LiBeRals AREn’T ReEallY LibERals!” I mean — what?

                I really don’t need to go any further, and it’s a remarkable reality of your position that you cannot rummage up a single academic source to counter what I had already provided. However, it’s a new day and I’ve got my coffee so let’s address some bullshit:

                You seem to believe that the Republicans said, “actually, we want to do racism now, let’s start the Southern Strategy!” and all the good Republicans that voted for the Civil Rights Act became Liberal Democrats

                Straw-man. No, that is not what I’m saying at all. If you would’ve read more closely what I wrote a couple responses back, you would’ve recalled that I noted the transition took time and didn’t complete really until the '70s or even arguably Reagan. Considering

                You’re congratulating good white Liberals for passing the Civil Rights Act, when many of the major supporters would be considered conservatives and most of the opponents would be considered Liberals by most metrics.

                You’re just not making any sense, here. (1) All the union strength and support was in the North. (2) YOU said it was a regional differentiation, with northerners voting in greater numbers. (3) Ergo, the vast majority of support came from districts and states predominantly pro-Union. So… ??? Or what, do you think the southern state’s rights anti-union confederates suddenly decided to turn out in great numbers to support the bill…? Let me again remind you what actual historians have to say:

                the biggest headaches for Democratic leader Mike Mansfield often came not from Republicans but from the conservative bloc of his own party caucus

                Dominating the GOP caucus, many conservatives believed the civil rights bill represented an unprecedented intrusion by the state into the daily lives of Americans.

                You had a battle with the conservatives on the committee, the southern Democrats, conservative Republicans, but you had just as tough a battle with the liberals. Their position was the old story of the half loaf or three-quarters of a loaf, and [now they were saying] “we’ll settle for nothing less [than the whole loaf.]” . . . We shared their views, and we’d love to do it their way.

                … But hey, why don’t you go tell those scholars they’re using the ideological labels incorrectly ;)

                There really isn’t much more to say. My original claim was: “not a single Tankie was in Congress who voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, now, did they? So yes, thank a Liberal for actually getting shit done.” From that:

                I PROVED:

                • Liberals of the time among BOTH parties — predominantly in the North — supported Civil Rights in greater numbers
                • Liberals were the majority of its YES votes
                • Liberals wanted a STRONGER Civil Rights bill
                • Conservatives among BOTH parties — predominantly in the south — opposed the bill in greater numbers
                • Conservatives sough ta WEAKER Civil Rights bill
                • No Tankies passed the Civil Rights Act. (I have to note this as part of my original claim).

                I REMINDED YOU:

                • That because the parties were still in transition and the great realignment incomplete, there were lingering liberals and conservatives on both sides.
                • But that doesn’t change the fact that the majority of ardent support for the bill came from those further to the left on the political-spectrum and were ostensible liberals for the time-period. (Again, proven by quoted sources).
                • Liberals of today are less conservative than then, sure.
                • But Liberals of then were still more progressive than their conservative counter-parts.
                • Such Liberals who would become demographically-identical to the modern-day liberals (as proven by mere geographical region alone and the fact that Civil Rights leaders of then eventually JOINED the ranks of Democrats of today (e.g., James Clyburn, John Lewis).
                • You keep referencing party banners without looking at the underlying ideology, all the while admitting yourself that the parties were still in ideological realignment.

                I therefore entirely reject the notion I’m, “cataclysmically wrong.” Seems I’m actually right on the money.

                Finally isn’t it funny you quote MLK’s “White Moderates” remark in 1963 who is ostensibly speaking of what we’d consider centrist liberal Dems today and those very white moderates did end up passing the bill in 1964? You still continue to deflect this amusingly.

                • pjwestin@lemmy.world
                  link
                  fedilink
                  arrow-up
                  1
                  arrow-down
                  2
                  ·
                  9 months ago

                  Buddy, I can’t help you. If don’t want to acknowledge how much of the Democrats economically Liberal coalition were segregationists, I can’t help you. If you want to believe that the Conservatives who supported Civil Rights legislation were actually Liberals, I can’t help you. If you want to pretend that the leftist Civil Rights leaders who were beaten, jailed, and lynched did less for Civil Rights than the Congressmen they pressured into adopting their movement, I can’t help you. If you want to say, “mLk ShAmEd CeNtRisTs BuT a YeAr LaTeR tHeY vOtEd FoR CiViL rIgHtS! HoW oDd!!!” WITHOUT EVER QUESTIONING IF THOSE TWO EVENTS WERE RELATED, I can’t help you.

                  Anyway, I can’t help you with the substance, but maybe I can help you with the style. The overly formal language you’re using? (“Ergo,” “I therefore entirely reject,” “you continue to deflect this amusingly.”) It may make you sound smart to dumb people, but it makes you sound dumb to smart people. It’s unnatural and reeks of somebody who’s trying to hard. It’s why that other guy keeps posting that little meme of a smug guy under your comments. He’s making fun of how cringey you sound.

                  Anyway, that’s the best I can do for you. Go be wrong at someone else.

                  • lennybird@lemmy.world
                    link
                    fedilink
                    English
                    arrow-up
                    2
                    arrow-down
                    1
                    ·
                    edit-2
                    9 months ago

                    Buddy:

                    • If I can’t get through with direct quotes from those who were a part of that era, specifically noting liberals FOR and conservatives OPPOSED

                    • If I can’t cite primary historical sources from Senate.gov and Archives.gov detailing the same.

                    • If you can’t muster a single source to support your position that contrasts what I already cited, as you simultaneously ignore these direct quotes…

                    … Then I believe we are done here.

                    It may make you sound smart to dumb people, but it makes you sound dumb to smart people. It’s unnatural and reeks of somebody who’s trying to hard. It’s why that other guy keeps posting that little meme of a smug guy under your comments. He’s making fun of how cringey you sound.

                    Buddy, if you can’t actually remark on exactly where I’m using language wrong, then it’s FAR more probable that my word-choice might just strike above what you’re used to and this a desperate attempt to sling shade.

                    Besides, if I “dumbed down” my language to my Appalachian roots, then you’d try condescension with me and espouse how much more educated and academic you are to me. Apparently I beat you to the punch, and that upsets you. Who knows – maybe there’s a bit of personal insecurity and projection going on here. All I know is that it’s a pretty fucking pathetic low-blow. Should be noted that I tend to reflect the tone and let them stoop to a lower level. So maybe look in the mirror. If you can’t take it, then don’t dish it out, buddy.

                    As for the other user, I don’t really care — that kid’s frankly not that bright or informed on the issues. At least you presented a cogent argument by contrast. If you think I’m being smug, go join the fucking Trumpers who cry about elitism and feeling insecure around people who are educated — I really don’t care, buddy. Now until you actually respond to my sources, my logic, instead of hopping around more than the Easter bunny, then kindly stay down.

                    Frankly because now your argument has descended into personal attacks on me it sounds like you’re — as you said — “cataclysmically” desperate.


                    I think for fun I’ll just re-quote the primary sources:

                    the biggest headaches for Democratic leader Mike Mansfield often came not from Republicans but from the conservative bloc of his own party caucus

                    Dominating the GOP caucus, many conservatives believed the civil rights bill represented an unprecedented intrusion by the state into the daily lives of Americans.

                    You had a battle with the conservatives on the committee, the southern Democrats, conservative Republicans, but you had just as tough a battle with the liberals. Their position was the old story of the half loaf or three-quarters of a loaf, and [now they were saying] “we’ll settle for nothing less [than the whole loaf.]” . . . We shared their views, and we’d love to do it their way.