Using php + sql and maybe a little javascript is generally an OK-ish method that has few strings attached and runs on anything. However there are a lot of modern frameworks that let you do a lot more stuff. There things like django, firebase, blazor, asp net or whatever but what FOSS equivalent to this “next gen” web development stuff should we be using?
It really depends on the kind of website. Is it a blog? an e-commerce? a static website? a full blown web application?
Node.js has been a popular backend choice for years. On the frontend there are frameworks such as React, but that’s overkill in many cases. Nowadays I’ve been meaning to look into Hugo and htmx